常用核酸和氨基酸代码

Amino Acids Table
Here is a list of the standard one-letter amino acid codes and their three-letter equivalents. The synonymous codons and their depiction in the IUB codes are shown. You should recognize that the codons following semicolons ( are not sufficiently specific to define a single amino acid even though they represent the best possible backtranslation into the IUB codes!

Symbol 3-letter Code Amino-acid Codons 
A Ala Alanine GCT,GCC,GCA,GCG 
B Asp,Asn Aspartic, Asparagine GAT,GAC,AAT,AAC 
C Cys Cysteine TGT,TGC 
D Asp Aspartic GAT,GAC 
E Glu Glutamic GAA,GAG 
F Phe Phenylalanine TTT,TTC 
G Gly Glycine GGT,GGC,GGA,GGG 
H His Histidine CAT,CAC 
I Ile Isoleucine ATT,ATC,ATA 
K Lys Lysine AAA,AAG 
L Leu Leucine TTG,TTA,CTT,CTC,CTA,CTG 
M Met Methionine ATG 
N Asn Asparagine AAT,AAC 
P Pro Proline CCT,CCC,CCA,CCG 
Q Gln Glutamine CAA,CAG 
R Arg Arginine CGT,CGC,CGA,CGG,AGA,AGG 
S Ser Serine TCT,TCC,TCA,TCG,AGT,AGC 
T Thr Threonine ACT,ACC,ACA,ACG 
V Val Valine GTT,GTC,GTA,GTG 
W Trp Tryptophan TGG 
X Xxx Unknown 
Y Tyr Tyrosine TAT,TAC 
Z Glu,Gln Glutamic, Glutamine GAA,GAG,CAA,CAG 
* End Terminator TAA,TAG,TGA 

Standard Genetic Code 

U C A G 
U UUU Phe F 
UUC Phe F 
UUA Leu L 
UUG Leu L 
UCU Ser S 
UCC Ser S 
UCA Ser S 
UCG Ser S UAU Tyr Y 
UAC Tyr Y 
UAA Stop 
UAG Stop 
UGU Cys C 
UGC Cys C 
UGA Stop 
UGG Trp W 

C 
CUU Leu L 
CUC Leu L 
CUA Leu L 
CUG Leu L 

CCU Pro P 
CCC Pro P 
CCA Pro P 
CCG Pro P 

CAU His H 
CAC His H 
CAA Gln Q 
CAG Gln Q 

CGU Arg R 
CGC Arg R 
CGA Arg R 
CGG Arg R 

A 
AUU Ile I 
AUC Ile I 
AUA Ile I 
AUG Met M 

ACU Thr T 
ACC Thr T 
ACA Thr T 
ACG Thr T 

AAU Asn N 
AAC Asn N 
AAA Lys K 
AAG Lys K 

AGU Ser S 
AGC Ser S 
AGA Arg R 
AGG Arg R 

G 
GUU Val V 
GUC Val V 
GUA Val V 
GUG Val V 

GCU ALA A 
GCC ALA A 
GCA ALA A 
GCG ALA A 

GAU Asp D 
GAC Asp D 
GAA Glu E 
GAG Glu E 

GGU Gly G 
GGC Gly G 
GGA Gly G 
GGG Gly G
Genome Size and DNA Content 

Genome Size 
(base pairs x 109) Coding DNA (%) 
Bacterium (E. coli) 0.004 100 
Yeast (Saccharomyces) 0.009 70 
Nematode (Caenorhabditis) 0.09 25 
Fruitfly (Drosophila) 0.18 33 
Newt (Triturus) 19.0 1.5 - 4.5 
Human 3.5 9 - 27 
Lungfish (Protopterus) 140.0 0.4 - 1.2 
Flowering plant (Arabidopsis) 0.2 31 
Flowering plant (Fritillaria) 130.0 0.02 

Cavalier-Smith, T. (ed.) The Evolution of Genome size (Wiley, Chichester, 1985). 

Nucleotides 

The meaning of each symbol (GCG files), its complement, and the Staden file equivalents are shown below. 
IUB/GCG Meaning Complement 
A A T 
C C G 
G G C 
T / U T A 
M A or C K 
R A or G Y 
W A or T W 
S C or G S 
Y C or T R 
K G or T M 
V A or C or G B 
H A or C or T D 
D A or G or T H 
B C or G or T V 
X / N G or A or T or C 
not G or A or T or C X