长链非编码RNA:从科研到临床（三）

肾脏疾病与糖尿病 

糖尿病经常伴随着肾病的发生[5]. 比如基因间lncRNA PVT1与二类疾病都紧密关联。研究人员在II型糖尿病人的晚期肾病进程中发现了PVT1的基因变异。高糖处理可以诱导人的肾间质细胞中PVT1和纤连蛋白1、IV型胶原蛋白、TGFβ1、PAI1等因子的高表达。相反，敲除PVT1可导致这些因子的显著下调。

LncRNA与临床应用

普遍认为lncRNA具有区分不同细胞状态或细胞内生物过程的功能，因此可以用来鉴定病理过程、提供预后评估或者为个体化疗法提供参考。其表达的时空特异性和疾病特异性使其有望成为强有效的分子标志物。已有不少研究揭示，lncRNA在多种疾病生物学标志物的应用中具备潜能（表二）。例如，研究发现LncRNA MTLIPCAR在发生左心室重塑的病人中特异性表达，并随后在788个发生心脏重塑和心脏衰竭的病人中得到验证。血液循环系统中的MTLIPCAR高表达水平可不受其他心血管疾病标志物的干扰，独立预测恶性心脏重塑。这项研究充分表明循环lncRNA具有作为分子标志物的重大潜能。

                 表一 LncRNA在生物学标志物中的潜在应用

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