SBA5型CO2气体分析仪参与作物对大气变化响应的相关研究1

——探究大气成分变化对美国中西部地区作物农艺性状和产量的影响，以寻找应对这一挑战的解决方案

来自美国农业部农业研究局（USDA-ARS）和伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校创造了SoyFACE（Soybean Free Air Concentration Enrichment）技术，用于研究在实际野外生产条件下浓度增高的CO₂和臭氧、高温以及土壤水分变化对作物的影响。

这一创新独特的试验设施和高度跨学科的研究小组旨在探寻以下重大问题的答案：

• 不断升高的CO₂浓度、温度、干旱胁迫和臭氧污染对作物产量和品质造成何种影响？

• 在不断变化的大气条件下，可以利用什么基因型和基因来提高作物产量和保持品质？

• 在不断变化的大气条件下，如何进行栽培系统改革可以提高产量和保证作物品质?
  

• 如何缓解土壤质量退化？

• 土壤碳沉积速率的增加有何种意义？

• 二氧化碳、温度、干旱胁迫和臭氧的变化如何影响昆虫和病原体？
  

图中即为大豆试验田中的“Ring”。SBA-5型CO₂气体分析仪位于环中部的防雨盒中，高浓度CO₂通过绿色的管道释放入田间，以控制该环形小区域环境空气中的CO₂水平。

美国PP SYSTEMS公司生产的SBA-4型及新款SBA-5型CO₂气体分析仪已经在该试验“Ring”中监测控制CO₂浓度长达20年。
   

SBA-5型CO₂气体分析仪位于环中部位置测量环形区域空气中的CO₂浓度并将数据反馈至中央控制器，中央控制器根据SBA-5获取的数据来实时调控环形区域CO₂的排放量。

通过该系统，研究者得以发现作物对未来大气状况的响应。

SBA-5被安放于定制的防雨气候箱中，可长期在野外使用而无需过多人工维护。

发表文献（100+）

2014

1. Ainsworth EA, Serbin SP, Skoneczka JA, Townsend PA (2014) Using leaf optical properties to detect ozone effects on foliar biochemistry. Photosynthesis Research 119: 65-76

2. Bishop KA, Leakey ADB, Ainsworth EA (2014) How seasonal temperature or water inputs affect the relative response of C3 crops to elevated [CO2]: A global analysis of open top chamber and Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) studies. Food & Energy Security, accepted

3. Drewry DT, Kumar P, Long SP (2014) Simultaneous improvement in productivity, water use, and albedo through crop structural modification. Global Change Biology 20(6): 1955-1967

4. He ZL, Xiong JB, Kent AD, Deng Y, Xue K, et al (2014) Distinct responses of soil microbial communities to elevated CO2 and O-3 in a soybean agro-ecosystem. Isme Journal 8: 714-726

5. RJC Markelz, LN Vossler, ADB Leakey (2014) Developmental stage specificity of transcriptional, biochemical and CO2 efflux responses of leaf dark respiration to growth of Arabidopsis thaliana at elevated [CO2]. Plant, Cell & Environment. In press

6. SS Myers, A Zanobetti, I Kloog, P Huybers, ADB Leakey, A Bloom, E Carlisle, LH Dietterich, G Fitzgerald, T Hasegawa, NM Holbrook, RL Nelson, MJ Ottman, V Raboy, H Sakai, KA Sartor, J Schwartz, S Seneweera, M Tausz, Y Usui (2014) Rising concentration of atmospheric CO2 threatens human nutrition. Nature. In press
   

2013

1. Agindotan BO, Prasifka JR, Gray ME, Dietrich CH, Bradley CA (2013) Transmission of Switchgrass mosaic virus by Graminella aureovittata. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 35(3): 384-389

2. de Souza AP, Arundale RA, Dohleman FG, Long SP, Buckeridge MS (2013) Will the exceptional productivity of Miscanthus x giganteus increase further under rising atmospheric CO2? Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 171: 82-92

3. Gray SB, Strellner RS, Puthuval KK, Shulman R, Siebers MH, Rogers A, Leakey ADB (2013) Minirhizotron imaging reveals nodulation of field-grown soybean is enhanced by Free-Air CO2 Enrichment only when combined with drought stress. Functional Plant Biology 40: 137-147

4. Gray SB, Strellner RS, Puthuval KK, Shulman R, Siebers MH, Rogers A, Leakey ADB (2013) Nodulation of field-grown soybean is enhanced by Free-Air CO2Enrichment only when combined with drought stress. Functional Plant Biology 40(2): 137-147

5. Hussain MZ, Vanloocke A, Siebers MH, Ruiz-Vera UM, Markelz RJC, Leakey ADB, Ort DR, Bernacchi CJ (2013) Future carbon dioxide concentration decreases canopy evapotranspiration and soil water depletion by field-grown maize. Global Change Biology 19: 1572-1584

6. Locke AM, Sack L, Bernacchi CJ, Ort DR (2013) Soybean leaf hydraulic conductance does not acclimate to growth at elevated [CO2] or temperature in growth chambers or in the field.  Annals of Botany 112 (5):  911-918

7. Pereira EIP, Chung H, Scow K, Six J (2013) Microbial Communities and Soil Structure are Affected by Reduced Precipitation, but Not by Elevated Carbon Dioxide. Soil Science Society of America Journal 77: 482-488

8. Ruiz-Vera UM, Siebers M, Gray SB, Drag DW, Rosenthal DM, Kimball BA, … Bernacchi CJ (2013) Global warming can negate the expected CO2 stimulation in photosynthesis and productivity for soybean grown in the Midwestern United States. Plant Physiology 162(1): 410-423

9. TE Twine, JJ Bryant, K Richter, CJ Bernacchi, K McConnaughay, S Morris, ADB Leakey (2013) Impacts of elevated CO2 concentration on the productivity and surface energy budget of the soybean and maize agroecosystem in the Midwest U.S. Global Change Biology 19: 2838-2852  

10. Yendrek CR, Leisner CP, Ainsworth EA (2013) Chronic ozone exacerbates the reduction in photosynthesis and acceleration of senescence caused by limited N availability in Nicotiana sylvestris. Global Change Biology 19: 3155-3166
    

2012

1. Ainsworth EA, Yendrek CR, Sitch S, Collins WJ, Emberson LD (2012) The effects of tropospheric ozone on net primary production and implications for climate change. Annual Review of Plant Biology 63: 637-661

2. Betzelberger AM, Yendrek CR, Sun J, Leisner CP, Nelson RL, Ort DR, Ainsworth EA (2012) Ozone exposure response for U.S. soybean cultivars: linear reductions in photosynthetic potential, biomass and yield. Plant Physiology 160: 1827-1839

3. Burkey KO, Booker FL, Ainsworth EA, Nelson RL (2012) Field assessment of a snap bean ozone bioindicator system under elevated ozone and carbon dioxide in a free air system. Environmental Pollution 166: 167-171

4. CL Casteel, OK Niziolek, ADB Leakey, MR Berenbaum, EH DeLucia (2012) Effects of elevated CO2 and soil water content on phytohormone transcript induction in Glycine max after Popillia japonica feeding. Environmental Entomology 6: 439-447

5. Davis AS, Ainsworth EA (2012) Weed interference with field-grown soybean (Glycine max) decreases under elevated [CO2] in a FACE experiment. Weed Research 52: 277-285

6. Decock C, Chung H, Venterea R, Gray SB, Leakey ADB, Six J (2012) Elevated CO2 and O3 modify N turnover rates, but not N2O emissions in a soybean agroecosystem. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 51: 104-114

7. Decock C, Six J, (2012) Effects of elevated CO2 and O3 on N-cycling and N2O emissions: a short-term laboratory assessment. Plant and Soil 351: 277-292

8. Galant A, Koester RP, Ainsworth EA, Hicks LM, Jez JM (2012) From climate change to molecular response: redox proteomics of ozone-induced responses in soybean. New Phytologist 194: 220-229

9. Gillespie KM, Xu F, Richter KT, McGrath JM, Markelz RJ, Ort DR, Leakey ADB, Ainsworth EA (2012) Greater antioxidant and respiratory metabolism in field-grown soybean exposed to elevated O3 under both ambient and elevated CO2 concentrations. Plant Cell & Environment 35: 169-184

10. Leakey ADB, Bishop KA, Ainsworth EA (2012) A multi-biome gap in understanding of crop and ecosystem responses to elevated CO2. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 15: 228-236

11. ADB Leakey, JA Lau (2012) Evolutionary context for understanding and manipulating plant responses to past, present and future atmospheric [CO2]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 367: 613-629.

12. Leisner CP, Ainsworth EA (2012) Quantifying the effects of ozone on plant reproductive growth and development. Global Change Biology 18: 606-616

13. Rosenthal DM, Ort DR (2012) Examining cassava’s potential to enhance food security under climate change. Tropical Plant Biology 5(1): 30-38

14. Rosenthal DM, Slattery RA, Miller RE, Grennan AK, Gleadow RM, Cavagnaro TR, Fauquet CM, Ort DR (2012) Cassava about-FACE: greater than expected yield stimulation of cassava (Manihot esculenta) by future CO2 levels. Global Change Biology 18: 2661-2675

15. VanLoocke A, Betzelberger AM, Ainsworth EA, Bernacchi CJ (2012) Increasing ozone concentrations decrease soybean evapotranspiration and water use efficiency while increasing canopy temperature. New Phytologist 195: 164-171

16. S Vicca, AK Gilgen, S Camino, FE Dreesen, JS Dukes, M Estiarte, SB Gray, G Guidolotti, ADB Leakey, R Ogaya, DR Ort, M Ostrogovic, S Rambal J Sardans, M Schmitt, M Siebers, L van der Linden, O van Straaten, A Granier (2012) Urgent need for basic treatment data to make precipitation manipulation experiments comparable. New Phytologist 195: 518-522