PhospholipidBiosynthesisinE.ColiPathway
The biosynthesis of membrane phospholipids occurs through distinct pathways in mammals and bacteria. In the mammalian pathway for the synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine, ethanolamine is first phosphorylated, activated to form CDP-ethanolamine and then reacted with diacylglycerol to form phosphatidylethanolamine. Phosphatidylcholine is synthesized in mammals by a similar route. Phosphatidylserine is synthesized thr......阅读全文
WNT－Signaling－Pathway
Wnt family members are secreted glycoproteins who bind to cell surface receptors such as Frizzled. Wnt members can play a role in the expression of ma
Classical－Complement－Pathway
The complement system is part of the defense against invading cells and is composed of about twenty different proteins found in the plasma. When activ
Ras－Signaling－Pathway
Ras activates many signaling cascades. Here we illustrate some of the well-characterized cascades in a generic compilation of effector molecules. The
EPO－Signaling－Pathway
Erythropoietin functions to increase the number of red blood cells. Thus, it has found utility as a drug for those needing to replenish erythrocytes f
AKT－Signaling－Pathway
Many cell-surface receptors induce production of second messengers like PIP3, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, that convey signals to the cyt
mTOR－Signaling－Pathway
mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) appears to play a central role in signaling caused by nutrients and mitogens such as growth factors to regulate t
MAPKinase－Signaling－Pathway
The ever evolving mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) pathways consist of four major groupings and numerous related proteins which constitut
Alternative－Complement－Pathway
The complement system of plasma proteins is an important part of the immune system that forms a cascade of factors that lyses foreign cells. There are
Ceramide－Signaling－Pathway
Over 1,000 papers and reviews have been written about the role of ceramide in the production of programmed cell death or apoptosis. Ceramide is a sphi
EGF－Signaling－Pathway
The epidermal growth factor (EGF) peptide induces cellular proliferation through the EGF receptor, which has a tyrosine kinase cytoplasmic domain, a s
PDGF－Signaling－Pathway
Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) plays a critical role in cellular proliferation and development. The biologically active form is a dimer formed
BCR－Signaling－Pathway
Significant progress has been made towards delineation of the intrinsic molecular processes that regulate B lymphocyte immune function. Recent observa
TPO－Signaling－Pathway
Thrombopoietin (TPO) binds to its receptor inducing aggregation and activation. TPO signals its growth regulating effects to the cell through several
ATM－Signaling－Pathway
The ataxia telangiectasia-mutated gene (ATM) encodes a protein kinase that acts as a tumor suppressor. ATM activation by ionizing radiation damage to
Erythrocyte－Differentiation－Pathway
Stem cells in the bone marrow produce a variety of hematopoietic cell types from common progenitor cells under the influence of cytokines and growth f
Reelin－Signaling－Pathway
Reelin is an extracellular protein secreted by neurons. Reeler mice with a defective Reelin gene exhibit neuronal abnormalities in development. Mice t
Insulin－Signaling－Pathway
The appropriate signaling through the insulin pathway is critical for the regulation of glucose levels and the avoidance of diabetes. Insulin forms a
Integrin－Signaling－Pathway
Integrins are cell surface receptors that interact with the extracellular matrix and mediate intracellular signals in response to the extracellular ma
Analysis－of－Intermediates－and－End－Products－of－the－Chlorophyll－Bio...
Analysis of Intermediates and End Products of the Chlorophyll Biosynthetic PathwaySince the 1963 seminal review of Smith and French (62), our unders
Cell－cycle－analysis－of－Escherichia－coli－cells
Cell cycle analysis of Escherichia coli cellsC period = the time for a round of chromosome replicationD period = the time between the end of a round o
Sauer:Lysing－E.－coli－with－Lysozymes
Getting The Most Out Of Your BugsNative lysis is a staple protocol in practically every biochemistry lab, yet there is significant variability in the
ChIPChip－E.－coli
AbstractChIP-Chip stands for Chromatin Immunoprecipitation and chip in the sense of DNA microarray. It is a technique to determine the genome-wide bin
Maintenance－of－Probes－in－bacteria－including－Escherichia－coli
Plasmid (pUC series) containing genomic DNA fragments are maintained in E. coli strain DH5aTM. The E. coli cultures are routinely cultured at 37 C on
Antibiotic－concentrations－for－E.－coli－selection
Antibiotic ConcentrationsThe following list shows recommended antibiotic concentrations for LB media or agar plates.AntibioticConcentrationAmpicillin1
凝胶延长分析二型脂肪酸合成的方法
Gel-elongation assay for type II fatty acid synthesisSrinivas KodaliAndrew GalgociSheo Singh Dr.Jun Wang Dr., jun_wang2@merck.com, Merck Research Labo
Gelelongation－assay－for－type－II－fatty－acid－synthesis
Gel-elongation assay for type II fatty acid synthesisSrinivas KodaliAndrew GalgociSheo Singh Dr.Jun Wang Dr., jun_wang2@merck.com, Merck Research Labo
IL－6－signaling－pathway
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine that provokes a broad range of cellular and physiological responses. In addition to playing a role in inflammation
Melanocyte－Development－and－Pigmentation－Pathway
Studies with homozygous knockout mice have suggested that stem cell factor (SCF or KITLG), c-Kit, microphthalmia (Mitf), and B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (Bc
IL－17－Signaling－Pathway
Inflammation is a complex response involving many different cells and signaling molecules, including the secretion of the cytokine IL-17 by activated
IL－4－signaling－pathway
Interleukin 4 (IL-4) is a cytokine that can lead to development of Th2 cells. The 140 kD IL-4 Receptor (CD124) is found on many cell types, even those