TNF／StressRelatedSignaling
TNF acts on several different signaling pathways through two cell surface receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2 (See TNFR1 and TNFR2 Signaling Pathways) to regulate apoptotic pathways, NF-kB activation of inflammation, and activate stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs). Interaction of TNFR1 with TRADD leads to activation of NF-kB and apoptosis pathways, while interaction with TRAF2 has generally been thought to be involved i......阅读全文
TNF/Stress－Related－Signaling
TNF acts on several different signaling pathways through two cell surface receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2 (See TNFR1 and TNFR2 Signaling Pathways) to regul
WNT－Signaling－Pathway
Wnt family members are secreted glycoproteins who bind to cell surface receptors such as Frizzled. Wnt members can play a role in the expression of ma
Attenuation－of－GPCR－Signaling
The G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family transduces extracellular signals across the plasma membrane, activating cellular responses through a vari
TPO－Signaling－Pathway
Thrombopoietin (TPO) binds to its receptor inducing aggregation and activation. TPO signals its growth regulating effects to the cell through several
MAPKinase－Signaling－Pathway
The ever evolving mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) pathways consist of four major groupings and numerous related proteins which constitut
Insulin－Signaling－Pathway
The appropriate signaling through the insulin pathway is critical for the regulation of glucose levels and the avoidance of diabetes. Insulin forms a
BCR－Signaling－Pathway
Significant progress has been made towards delineation of the intrinsic molecular processes that regulate B lymphocyte immune function. Recent observa
Ceramide－Signaling－Pathway
Over 1,000 papers and reviews have been written about the role of ceramide in the production of programmed cell death or apoptosis. Ceramide is a sphi
AKT－Signaling－Pathway
Many cell-surface receptors induce production of second messengers like PIP3, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, that convey signals to the cyt
Integrin－Signaling－Pathway
Integrins are cell surface receptors that interact with the extracellular matrix and mediate intracellular signals in response to the extracellular ma
EGF－Signaling－Pathway
The epidermal growth factor (EGF) peptide induces cellular proliferation through the EGF receptor, which has a tyrosine kinase cytoplasmic domain, a s
ATM－Signaling－Pathway
The ataxia telangiectasia-mutated gene (ATM) encodes a protein kinase that acts as a tumor suppressor. ATM activation by ionizing radiation damage to
EPO－Signaling－Pathway
Erythropoietin functions to increase the number of red blood cells. Thus, it has found utility as a drug for those needing to replenish erythrocytes f
mTOR－Signaling－Pathway
mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) appears to play a central role in signaling caused by nutrients and mitogens such as growth factors to regulate t
Reelin－Signaling－Pathway
Reelin is an extracellular protein secreted by neurons. Reeler mice with a defective Reelin gene exhibit neuronal abnormalities in development. Mice t
PDGF－Signaling－Pathway
Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) plays a critical role in cellular proliferation and development. The biologically active form is a dimer formed
Ras－Signaling－Pathway
Ras activates many signaling cascades. Here we illustrate some of the well-characterized cascades in a generic compilation of effector molecules. The
Adiponectin－Replenishment－Ameliorates－ObesityRelated－Hypertension（一）
Adiponectin Replenishment Ameliorates Obesity-Related Hypertension作者：Koji Ohashi; Shinji Kihara; Noriyuki Ouchi; Masahiro Kumada; Koichi Fujita; Aki
Adiponectin－Replenishment－Ameliorates－ObesityRelated－Hypertension（三）
Results Adiponectin Supplementation Decreases Blood Pressure in Obese Diabetic KKAy Mice We studied genetically obese KKAy mice, which develop
Adiponectin－Replenishment－Ameliorates－ObesityRelated－Hypertension（五）
Perspectives Obesity is closely associated with hypertension. The mechanisms underlying hypertension in obesity, however, have not been fully c
Adiponectin－Replenishment－Ameliorates－ObesityRelated－Hypertension（四）
Discussion The major findings of the present study were the following: (1) adiponectin supplementation reduced the SBP of spontaneously hyperte
Adiponectin－Replenishment－Ameliorates－ObesityRelated－Hypertension（二）
Methods Animal and Animal Treatment KKAy male mice were purchased from Japan CLEA (Tokyo, Japan). This strain is a cross between black KK fema
Adiponectin－Replenishment－Ameliorates－ObesityRelated－Hypertension（六）
Maeda K, Okubo K, Shimomura I, Funahashi T, Matsuzawa Y, Matsubara K. cDNA cloning and expression of a novel adipose specific collagen-like factor
IFN－alpha－signaling－pathway
Interferon alpha plays a role in viral infections. Signaling takes place through an IFN Recpetor complex consisting of two alpha chains (Type I recept
Phospholipase－C－Signaling－Pathway
Phospholipase C comes in multiple forms and plays a key role in the signal transduction process for many receptors. Its main function is to hydrolyze
Trka－Receptor－Signaling－Pathway
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotrophic factor that stimulates neuronal survival and growth through TrkA, a member of the trk family of tyrosine k
Cell－to－Cell－Adhesion－Signaling
Interactions between cells responsible for cell to cell adhesion also can communicate signals into the cellular interior, often involving interactions
Role－of－Mitochondria－in－Apoptotic－Signaling
Mitochondria participate in apoptotic signaling pathways through the release of mitochondrial proteins into the cytoplasm. Cytochrome c, a key protein
IL－5－Signaling－Pathway
IL-5 is an inflammatory signaling molecule that primarily stimulates eosinophil proliferation, maturation and activation. Eosinophils are leukocytes i
IL－17－Signaling－Pathway
Inflammation is a complex response involving many different cells and signaling molecules, including the secretion of the cytokine IL-17 by activated