NeuropeptidesVIPandPACAPinhibittheapoptosisofactivatedTcells
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and the structurally related pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), two neuropeptides present in the lymphoid microenvironment, elicit a broad spectrum of biological functions, including the modulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Another important immunoregulatory function of VIP and PACAP is their inhibition effect on AICD in T cells. They inhibit the TCR......阅读全文
Neuropeptides－VIP－and－PACAP－inhibit－the－apoptosis－of－activated－T－cells
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and the structurally related pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), two neuropeptides present
TSP1－Induced－Apoptosis－in－Microvascular－Endothelial－Cell
As tissues grow they require angiogenesis to occur if they are to be supplied with blood vessels and survive. Factors that inhibit angiogenesis might
Granzyme－A－mediated－Apoptosis－Pathway
One mechanism used by cytotoxic T cells to kill tumor cells and virus-infected cells is the release of perforin and granzyme proteins. Perforin protei
Bystander－B－Cell－Activation
Expression of Fas-Ligand by T cells can induce apoptosis through interaction with Fas on the target cell. A target of Fas-mediated apoptosis is the B
Activation－of－cAMPdependent－protein－kinase,－PKA
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are one of the largest gene families of signaling proteins. Residing in the plasma membrane with seven transmembra
Role－of－Mitochondria－in－Apoptotic－Signaling
Mitochondria participate in apoptotic signaling pathways through the release of mitochondrial proteins into the cytoplasm. Cytochrome c, a key protein
Apoptotic－DNA－fragmentation－and－tissue－homeostasis
Apoptotic cell death can be triggered by many different cellular stimuli, resulting in activation of apoptotic signaling pathways including caspases (
Nature－Communications：人血管活性肠肽受体1新突破
8月17日，中国科学院上海药物研究所研究员蒋轶、徐华强团队联合浙江大学医学院研究员张岩团队，在人血管活性肠肽受体1（VIP1R）研究领域取得重要进展，首次解析了VIP1R与多肽配体PACAP27和Gs蛋白复合物的冷冻电镜结构。该研究论文在线发表于《自然-通讯》（Nature Communicat
CTL－mediated－immune－response－against－target－cells
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), also known as killer T cells, provide a cell-mediated response to specific foreign antigens associated with cells. CTL
Caspase－Cascade－in－Apoptosis
Apoptosis, programmed cell death, is triggered by a variety of stimuli, including cell surface receptors like FAS, mitochondrial response to stress, a
Ceramide－Signaling－Pathway
Over 1,000 papers and reviews have been written about the role of ceramide in the production of programmed cell death or apoptosis. Ceramide is a sphi
Multiple－antiapoptotic－pathways－from－IGF1R－signaling－lead－to－BAD－phosphory
IGF-1R, the type 1 receptor for insulin-like growth factor, mediates cell survival and growth in response to its ligands IGF-1 and IGF-2. This tyrosin
FAS－signaling－pathway－(－CD95－)
Receptors in the TNF receptor family are associated with the induction of apoptosis, as well as inflammatory signaling. The Fas receptor (CD95) mediat
Critical－Appraisal－of－the－MTT－Assay－in－the－Presence－of－Rottlerin－1
Rottlerin is a natural product isolated from Mallotus philippinensis. This polyphenolic compound, originally described as a selective inhibitor of PKC
Free－Radical－Induced－Apoptosis
Oxidative stress is one factor that can trigger programmed cell death. Activated neutrophils responding to inflammatory stimulation produce reactive o
Thrombin－signaling－and－proteaseactivated－receptors
Thrombin is an extracellular protease that is involved in the clotting of blood and inflammation through its action on platelets and endothelial cells
Apoptosis－Induction
IntroductionWhen studying induction of apoptosis via a cell surface molecule, it is important to first ascertain surface expression of the molecule of
Apoptosis:－Miniassay
1) Aliquot 5 X 106 total cells in 5-8 ml 2% media.2) Add 30 µl 3H-thymidine.3) Incubate for approximately 16 hours under normal growth conditions.4) S
IL－18－Signaling－Pathway
IL-18 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine similar in structure and mechanism of action to IL-1 beta. Formation of active IL-18 by macrophages requires clea
Complement－Pathway
The complement pathway consists of a series of over thirty proteins in plasma that are part of the immune response. Activation of the complement syste
Antigen－Dependent－B－Cell－Activation
A key part of the immune system is the production of immunoglobulins (antibodies) by B cells to bind and inactivate specific foreign antigens. The bod
T－Cytotoxic－Cell－Surface－Molecules
Cytotoxic T cells are a key part of the cellular immune response, killing cells that display foreign antigen on their surface, primarily virus-infecte
偏头痛治疗新突破
The Journal of Headache and Pain 近期发布系列主题文章，全方位探讨与偏头痛相关的小小分子物质：垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活肽（pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide, PACAP）。系列文章从多个角度介绍了PACA
Chemical－Induction－of－Apoptosis
Chemical Induction of Apoptosis - 1 May 2001p53, p21WAF1, Myc, Bcl-2, Bax, Bcl-x and bak are among the proteins involved in the regulation of apoptosi
Effects－of－calcineurin－in－Keratinocyte－Differentiation
The differentiation of keratinocytes constantly replenishes the upper layers of human skin we lose each day. One factor that contributes to terminal k
PPARD基因编码的功能和结构描述
该基因编码过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体（PPAR）家族的成员。编码的蛋白质被认为是转录抑制和核受体信号传导的一个整合体。它可能会抑制配体诱导的过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α和γ的转录活性，尽管这种效应的证据是不一致的。这种基因在结直肠癌细胞中的表达可能是可变的，但通常相对较低。小鼠的基因敲除研究表明该蛋
PPARD基因突变因子与药物介绍
该基因编码过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体（PPAR）家族的成员。编码的蛋白质被认为是转录抑制和核受体信号传导的一个整合体。它可能会抑制配体诱导的过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α和γ的转录活性，尽管这种效应的证据是不一致的。这种基因在结直肠癌细胞中的表达可能是可变的，但通常相对较低。小鼠的基因敲除研究表明该蛋
TollLike－Receptor－Pathway
The innate immune response responds in a general manner to factors present in invading pathogens. Bacterial factors such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS,
DNA－Fragmentation－Assays－for－Apoptosis
Protocol I: Triton X-100 Lysis BufferIn 96 flat-wells plate, incubate 4x10 6 target cells (40 wells of 105 per well) with desired concentration of eff
FACS－Procedures－for－Apoptosis－Detection
Materials:Hoechst 33258 (Sigma B-2883).stock: 10 mg/ml in dH20 (40)working dilution: 500µg/ml (50µl stock + 950µl PBS).7-Amino-actinomycin (Sigma A-94