ApoptoticSignalinginResponsetoDNADamage
The cellular activation of the caspase cascade resulting in cell death is triggered by chemical damage to DNA which stimulates a sequence resulting in the cleavage of Bid in a manner similar to the binding of so called “death-receptors” or directly initiates the permeability transition of the mitochondrial membrane. The permiability transition releases several factors including cytochrome c, AIF and other factors in ......阅读全文
Reelin－Signaling－Pathway
Reelin is an extracellular protein secreted by neurons. Reeler mice with a defective Reelin gene exhibit neuronal abnormalities in development. Mice t
mTOR－Signaling－Pathway
mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) appears to play a central role in signaling caused by nutrients and mitogens such as growth factors to regulate t
EGF－Signaling－Pathway
The epidermal growth factor (EGF) peptide induces cellular proliferation through the EGF receptor, which has a tyrosine kinase cytoplasmic domain, a s
BCR－Signaling－Pathway
Significant progress has been made towards delineation of the intrinsic molecular processes that regulate B lymphocyte immune function. Recent observa
Integrin－Signaling－Pathway
Integrins are cell surface receptors that interact with the extracellular matrix and mediate intracellular signals in response to the extracellular ma
Ras－Signaling－Pathway
Ras activates many signaling cascades. Here we illustrate some of the well-characterized cascades in a generic compilation of effector molecules. The
Ceramide－Signaling－Pathway
Over 1,000 papers and reviews have been written about the role of ceramide in the production of programmed cell death or apoptosis. Ceramide is a sphi
AKT－Signaling－Pathway
Many cell-surface receptors induce production of second messengers like PIP3, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, that convey signals to the cyt
EPO－Signaling－Pathway
Erythropoietin functions to increase the number of red blood cells. Thus, it has found utility as a drug for those needing to replenish erythrocytes f
ATM－Signaling－Pathway
The ataxia telangiectasia-mutated gene (ATM) encodes a protein kinase that acts as a tumor suppressor. ATM activation by ionizing radiation damage to
WNT－Signaling－Pathway
Wnt family members are secreted glycoproteins who bind to cell surface receptors such as Frizzled. Wnt members can play a role in the expression of ma
Insulin－Signaling－Pathway
The appropriate signaling through the insulin pathway is critical for the regulation of glucose levels and the avoidance of diabetes. Insulin forms a
TPO－Signaling－Pathway
Thrombopoietin (TPO) binds to its receptor inducing aggregation and activation. TPO signals its growth regulating effects to the cell through several
Attenuation－of－GPCR－Signaling
The G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family transduces extracellular signals across the plasma membrane, activating cellular responses through a vari
实体肿瘤检测MUTYH基因介绍
该基因编码一种参与dna氧化损伤修复的dna糖苷酶。这种酶在腺嘌呤与鸟嘌呤、胞嘧啶或8-氧-7,8-二氢鸟嘌呤（一种主要的氧化损伤的DNA损伤）不适当配对的部位从DNA主干上切除腺嘌呤碱。蛋白质定位于细胞核和线粒体。这种基因产物被认为通过在氧化损伤后引入单链断裂而在细胞凋亡信号中发挥作用。该基因突变
Detection－of－apoptotic－process－in－situ－using－immunocytochemical2
B) TUNEL in situ procedureB.2.1 Materialsproteinase K (pK) (A2), H2O2 , TdT buffer (A1), TdT enzyme (A2), biotinylated dUTP (A2), TB buffer (A1), seru
MDC1基因编码功能及结构描述
由该基因编码的蛋白质包含N-末端叉头结构域、两个BRCA1 C-末端（BRCT）基序和13个重复约41个氨基酸序列的中心结构域。编码蛋白需要激活s期和g2/m期细胞周期检查点以应对dna损伤。该核蛋白与磷酸化组蛋白h2ax在dna双链位点附近相互作用，突破其brct基序，促进atm激酶和减数分裂重组
MDC1基因突变与药物因子介绍
由该基因编码的蛋白质包含N-末端叉头结构域、两个BRCA1 C-末端（BRCT）基序和13个重复约41个氨基酸序列的中心结构域。编码蛋白需要激活s期和g2/m期细胞周期检查点以应对dna损伤。该核蛋白与磷酸化组蛋白h2ax在dna双链位点附近相互作用，突破其brct基序，促进atm激酶和减数分裂重组
DNA损伤修复信号通路相关因子MUTYH
该基因编码一种参与dna氧化损伤修复的dna糖苷酶。这种酶在腺嘌呤与鸟嘌呤、胞嘧啶或8-氧-7,8-二氢鸟嘌呤（一种主要的氧化损伤的DNA损伤）不适当配对的部位从DNA主干上切除腺嘌呤碱。蛋白质定位于细胞核和线粒体。这种基因产物被认为通过在氧化损伤后引入单链断裂而在细胞凋亡信号中发挥作用。该基因突变
遗传风险基因信号通路相关因子MUTYH
该基因编码一种参与dna氧化损伤修复的dna糖苷酶。这种酶在腺嘌呤与鸟嘌呤、胞嘧啶或8-氧-7,8-二氢鸟嘌呤（一种主要的氧化损伤的DNA损伤）不适当配对的部位从DNA主干上切除腺嘌呤碱。蛋白质定位于细胞核和线粒体。这种基因产物被认为通过在氧化损伤后引入单链断裂而在细胞凋亡信号中发挥作用。该基因突变
MUTYH基因编码功能及结构描述
该基因编码一种参与dna氧化损伤修复的dna糖苷酶。这种酶在腺嘌呤与鸟嘌呤、胞嘧啶或8-氧-7,8-二氢鸟嘌呤（一种主要的氧化损伤的DNA损伤）不适当配对的部位从DNA主干上切除腺嘌呤碱。蛋白质定位于细胞核和线粒体。这种基因产物被认为通过在氧化损伤后引入单链断裂而在细胞凋亡信号中发挥作用。该基因突变
MUTYH基因突变与药物因子介绍
该基因编码一种参与dna氧化损伤修复的dna糖苷酶。这种酶在腺嘌呤与鸟嘌呤、胞嘧啶或8-氧-7,8-二氢鸟嘌呤（一种主要的氧化损伤的DNA损伤）不适当配对的部位从DNA主干上切除腺嘌呤碱。蛋白质定位于细胞核和线粒体。这种基因产物被认为通过在氧化损伤后引入单链断裂而在细胞凋亡信号中发挥作用。该基因突变
Cell－Cycle:－G2/M－Checkpoint
The G2/M DNA damage checkpoint prevents the cell from entering mitosis (M phase) if the genome is damaged. The Cdc2-cyclin B kinase is pivotal in regu
Transcriptional－activation－of－dbpb－from－mRNA
Endothelial cells respond to treatment with the protease thrombin with increased secretion of the PDGF B-chain. This activation occurs at the transcri
FAS－signaling－pathway－(－CD95－)
Receptors in the TNF receptor family are associated with the induction of apoptosis, as well as inflammatory signaling. The Fas receptor (CD95) mediat
HIVI－Nef:－negative－effector－of－Fas－and－TNF
HIV infection leads to drastic declines in CD4 T helper cells, in part through apoptosis of uninfected cells. Apoptosis of uninfected cells may be ind
RPA4基因编码的功能和结构描述
这个基因编码一个单链dna结合蛋白，它是复制蛋白a复合物的30kda亚单位。复制蛋白a是dna双链断裂修复和细胞周期检测点激活的重要因子。编码蛋白定位于DNA修复灶，可能参与细胞DNA损伤反应这种蛋白质也可能在抑制病毒复制方面发挥作用。This gene encodes a single-stran
CLSPN基因编码功能及结构描述
这个基因的产物是检查点激酶1的一个重要上游调节因子，并触发细胞周期的检查点阻滞，以应对复制应激或dna损伤。在正常的s期，这种蛋白质也是有效的dna复制所必需的。已发现该基因编码不同亚型的多个转录变体。[由RefSeq提供，2010年6月]The product of this gene is an
CLSPN基因突变与药物因子介绍
这个基因的产物是检查点激酶1的一个重要上游调节因子，并触发细胞周期的检查点阻滞，以应对复制应激或dna损伤。在正常的s期，这种蛋白质也是有效的dna复制所必需的。已发现该基因编码不同亚型的多个转录变体。[由RefSeq提供，2010年6月]The product of this gene is an
NOD1基因突变与药物因子介绍
该基因编码核苷酸结合寡聚结构域（nod）样受体（nlr）家族的一个成员。编码蛋白作为结合细菌肽聚糖并引发炎症的模式识别受体（prr）在先天免疫中发挥作用。这种蛋白质也与病毒和寄生虫感染的免疫反应有关。该蛋白的主要结构特征包括一个n端caspase募集域（card）、一个中心定位的核苷酸结合域（nbd