RoleofParkinintheUbiquitinProteasomalPathway
The motor defects of Parkinson's disease are related to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in specific brain regions. Examination of these neurons in diseased tissue has revealed the presence of Lewy bodies, dense aggregates that include the protein alpha-synuclein. A genetic basis for most cases of Parkinson's disease has not yet been identified, but mutations in alpha-synuclein have been associated with at le......阅读全文
Role－of－Parkin－in－the－UbiquitinProteasomal－Pathway
The motor defects of Parkinson's disease are related to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in specific brain regions. Examination of these neurons i
Alphasynuclein－and－Parkinmediated－proteolysis－in－Parkinsons－disease
The motor defects of Parkinson's disease are related to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in specific brain regions. Examination of these neurons i
Role－of－Mitochondria－in－Apoptotic－Signaling
Mitochondria participate in apoptotic signaling pathways through the release of mitochondrial proteins into the cytoplasm. Cytochrome c, a key protein
Role－of－Ran－in－mitotic－spindle－regulation
One of the central features of mitotic cell division is the formation of the spindle that segregates chromosomes into each daughter cell. Chromosomes
The－Role－of－Eosinophils－in－the－Chemokine－Network－of－Allergy
The inflammatory response associated with asthma is characterized by the recruitment of eosinophils from the bronchial microcirculation in response to
Endocytotic－role－of－NDK,－Phosphins－and－Dynamin
Reliable neurotransmitter release requires the presence of sufficent numbers of synaptic vesicles. The process of synaptic vesicle endocytosis (SVE) i
Antisense－Pathway
About 8% of human genes have been estimated to carry out transcription from both DNA strands, resulting in significant level of endogenous antisense R
Dicer－Pathway
The degradation of endogenous mRNA in a sequence-specific manner can be induced by dsRNA [RNA interfernce (RNAi)], antisense transcription, or viral i
Fibrinolysis－Pathway
Clot formation and fibrinolysis is a balance of plasmin activation/inhibition and thrombin-thrombomodulin activity that regulates fibrin polymer forma
Prion－Pathway
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) is thought to result from the structural conversion of cellular prion protein, PrP(C), into a misfolded
Glycolysis－Pathway
Glycolysis was one of the first metabolic pathways studied and is one of the best understood, in terms of the enzymes involved, their mechanisms of ac
Complement－Pathway
The complement pathway consists of a series of over thirty proteins in plasma that are part of the immune response. Activation of the complement syste
Role－of－nicotinic－acetylcholine－receptors－in－the－regulation－of－apoptosis
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are essential for neuromuscular signaling and are also expressed in non-neuronal tissues, where their function is le
Role－of－Tob－in－Tcell－activation
Regulation of T cell activation is a crucial component of balanced functioning of the immune system. If the T cell response is too great and activatio
Role－of－Erk5－in－Neuronal－Survival
Axons extend significant distances to innervate target tissues. At the site of innervation, target tissues release neurotrophins including NGF, BDNF a
Role－of－arrestins－in－the－activation－and－targeting－of－MAP－kinases
The binding of ?-arrestins to agonist-occupied GPCRs triggers the assembly of a MAP kinase activation complex using ?-arrestin as a scaffold, with sub
Ion－Channels－and－Their－Functional－Role－in－Vascular－Endothelium
Endothelial cells (EC) form a multifunctional signal-transducing surface that performs different tasks dependent on its localization in the vessel tre
Erythrocyte－Differentiation－Pathway
Stem cells in the bone marrow produce a variety of hematopoietic cell types from common progenitor cells under the influence of cytokines and growth f
Phosphatidylcholine－Biosynthesis－Pathway
The main components of biological membranes are phosphoglyceride lipids composed of a glycerol unit esterified to two fatty acids and a polar alcohol
Classical－Complement－Pathway
The complement system is part of the defense against invading cells and is composed of about twenty different proteins found in the plasma. When activ
TPO－Signaling－Pathway
Thrombopoietin (TPO) binds to its receptor inducing aggregation and activation. TPO signals its growth regulating effects to the cell through several
Insulin－Signaling－Pathway
The appropriate signaling through the insulin pathway is critical for the regulation of glucose levels and the avoidance of diabetes. Insulin forms a
Alternative－Complement－Pathway
The complement system of plasma proteins is an important part of the immune system that forms a cascade of factors that lyses foreign cells. There are
EPO－Signaling－Pathway
Erythropoietin functions to increase the number of red blood cells. Thus, it has found utility as a drug for those needing to replenish erythrocytes f
Ras－Signaling－Pathway
Ras activates many signaling cascades. Here we illustrate some of the well-characterized cascades in a generic compilation of effector molecules. The
WNT－Signaling－Pathway
Wnt family members are secreted glycoproteins who bind to cell surface receptors such as Frizzled. Wnt members can play a role in the expression of ma
EGF－Signaling－Pathway
The epidermal growth factor (EGF) peptide induces cellular proliferation through the EGF receptor, which has a tyrosine kinase cytoplasmic domain, a s
Ceramide－Signaling－Pathway
Over 1,000 papers and reviews have been written about the role of ceramide in the production of programmed cell death or apoptosis. Ceramide is a sphi
BCR－Signaling－Pathway
Significant progress has been made towards delineation of the intrinsic molecular processes that regulate B lymphocyte immune function. Recent observa
Integrin－Signaling－Pathway
Integrins are cell surface receptors that interact with the extracellular matrix and mediate intracellular signals in response to the extracellular ma