BCellSurvivalPathway
Physical interactions between intergrin alpha4beta1 heterodimer expressed on B cells and counter receptors on stroma cells are key mediators of the survival of normal and malignant B cells. Recent data indicate that integrin stimulation increases FBI-1, XIAP, surviving, and CCT4 expression but inhibits Requiem, c-Fos, and caspase 3 and 7 induction.Contributor: Roger Anderson, PhDREFERENCES: Astier AL et al. Temporal ......阅读全文
SPHK1基因编码的功能和结构描述
该基因编码的蛋白质催化鞘氨醇的磷酸化形成鞘氨醇-1-磷酸（S1P），一种具有细胞内和细胞外功能的脂质介质。在细胞内，s1p调节增殖和存活，在细胞外，它是细胞表面G蛋白偶联受体的配体。这种蛋白及其产物s1p在TNFα信号传导和在炎症、抗凋亡和免疫过程中重要的NF-kappa-b激活途径中起关键作用。另
IL－6－signaling－pathway
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine that provokes a broad range of cellular and physiological responses. In addition to playing a role in inflammation
IL－17－Signaling－Pathway
Inflammation is a complex response involving many different cells and signaling molecules, including the secretion of the cytokine IL-17 by activated
TGF－beta－signaling－pathway
TGF-beta regulates growth and proliferation of cells, blocking growth of many cell types. The TGF-beta receptor includes type 1 and type 2 subunits th
Leloir－pathway－of－galactose－metabolism
Galactose is a hexose sugar found in the disaccharide lactose. Galactose has six carbons like glucose and differs from glucose only in the stereochemi
Phospholipase－C－Signaling－Pathway
Phospholipase C comes in multiple forms and plays a key role in the signal transduction process for many receptors. Its main function is to hydrolyze
Granzyme－A－mediated－Apoptosis－Pathway
One mechanism used by cytotoxic T cells to kill tumor cells and virus-infected cells is the release of perforin and granzyme proteins. Perforin protei
Cyclin－E－Destruction－Pathway
Cyclins are proteins that associate with cyclin-dependent protein kinases to regulate their activity and the progression of the cell cycle through spe
IFN－gamma－signaling－pathway
Interferon gamma is secreted from CD4+ Th1 cells, CD8 cells, gamma/delta T cells and activated NK cells. It plays a role in activating lymphocytes to
IL－3－signaling－pathway
Interleukin-3 promotes the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells through binding to its receptor. The receptor for IL-3 is a hetero
Growth－Hormone－Signaling－Pathway
Growth hormone plays a major role in regulating growth during childhood and adolescence and also regulates metabolism. Defects in growth hormone signa
Hop－Pathway－in－Cardiac－Development
Homeodomain transcription factors comprise a large family of DNA binding factors that regulate transcription and development. Many homeodomain genes a
IL－5－Signaling－Pathway
IL-5 is an inflammatory signaling molecule that primarily stimulates eosinophil proliferation, maturation and activation. Eosinophils are leukocytes i
IFN－alpha－signaling－pathway
Interferon alpha plays a role in viral infections. Signaling takes place through an IFN Recpetor complex consisting of two alpha chains (Type I recept
Ahr－Signal－Transduction－Pathway
The Ah receptor, bHLH/PAS transcription factor, upon binding of an agonist such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin translocates into the nucleus a
Sonic－Hedgehog－(Shh)－Pathway
Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) is one of a family of three secreted proteins, including Indian Hedgehog (Ihh) and Desert Hedgehog (Dhh), that play distinct and
Internal－Ribosome－Entry－Pathway
Control of translation is one of the major regulatory events in eukaryotic gene expression. Internal ribosome entry sites (IRES) were first discovered
Catabolic－pathway－for－asparagine－and－asparate
Aspartate and asparagine are catabolized into oxaloacetate and the Kreb's cycle in a fairly direct pathway for amino acids with four carbons. The
Proteolysis－and－Signaling－Pathway－of－Notch
Notch is a large cell-surface receptor that is activated by contact with membrane-bound ligands on neighboring cells. The ligands that activate Notch
Intrinsic－Prothrombin－Activation－Pathway
Blood coagulation or clotting takes place in 3 essential phases. The first phase is the activation of a prothrombin activator complex. The second phas
IL－2－signaling－pathway
Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a potent cytokine that can lead to cellular activation and proliferation. IL-2 Receptors are found on activated B-Cells, LPS t
Extrinsic－Prothrombin－Activation－Pathway
Blood coagulation or clotting takes place in 3 essential phases. The first phase is the activation of a prothrombin activator complex. The second phas
Lectin－Induced－Complement－Pathway
The complement cascade of proteolytic factors involved in cellular lysis can be initiated by several different factors, including antibody-dependent a
Nitric－Oxide－Signaling－Pathway
Glutamatergic-mediated nitric oxide (NO) production occurs via the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95)-neuronal ni
IL－18－Signaling－Pathway
IL-18 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine similar in structure and mechanism of action to IL-1 beta. Formation of active IL-18 by macrophages requires clea
Erythropoietin－mediated－neuroprotection－through－NFkB
Erythropoietin (Epo) is most commonly known as the cytokine secreted by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production and is used as a drug fo
Presenilin－action－in－Notch－and－Wnt－signaling
Presenilin-1 (PS1) is associated with gamma secretase activity that cleaves amyloid precursor protein (APP) and is implicated in Alzheimer's dis
IL10基因编码功能及结构描述
这个基因编码的蛋白质是一种主要由单核细胞产生的细胞因子，在一定程度上由淋巴细胞产生。这种细胞因子在免疫调节和炎症中有多种作用。下调巨噬细胞th1细胞因子、mhcⅡ类ags和共刺激分子的表达。它还可以增强b细胞的存活、增殖和抗体的产生。该细胞因子可阻断NF-卡帕B活性，参与JAK-STAT信号通路的调
IL10基因编码功能及结构描述
这个基因编码的蛋白质是一种主要由单核细胞产生的细胞因子，在一定程度上由淋巴细胞产生。这种细胞因子在免疫调节和炎症中有多种作用。下调巨噬细胞th1细胞因子、mhcⅡ类ags和共刺激分子的表达。它还可以增强b细胞的存活、增殖和抗体的产生。该细胞因子可阻断NF-卡帕B活性，参与JAK-STAT信号通路的调
Oxidative－reactions－of－the－pentose－phosphate－pathway
One form of chemical energy used to drive biosynthetic reactions forward is the reducing power of the energy carrier NADPH. NADPH is essential to driv