ActivationofPKCthroughGproteincoupledreceptor
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) transduce a variety of signals from the extracellular environment across the plasma membrane. One of the common signaling systems utilized by GPCRs activates protein kinase C (PKC), a ubiquitous family of serine/threonine protein kinases. The pathway leading to PKC activation starts with a class of GPCRs that interact with and activate Gq G-proteins when the receptor has agonist li......阅读全文
Activation－of－PKC－through－G－protein－coupled－receptor
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) transduce a variety of signals from the extracellular environment across the plasma membrane. One of the common si
Role－of－EGF－Receptor－Transactivation－by－GPCRs－in－Cardiac－Hypertrophy
One of responses to increased blood pressure is cardiac hypertrophy through increased size of ventricular myocardial cells leading to increased thickn
Bioactive－Peptide－Induced－Signaling－Pathway
Many different peptides act as signaling molecules, including the proinflammatory peptide bradykinin, the protease enzyme thrombin, and the blood pres
Thrombin－signaling－and－proteaseactivated－receptors
Thrombin is an extracellular protease that is involved in the clotting of blood and inflammation through its action on platelets and endothelial cells
Attenuation－of－GPCR－Signaling
The G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family transduces extracellular signals across the plasma membrane, activating cellular responses through a vari
Role－of－arrestins－in－the－activation－and－targeting－of－MAP－kinases
The binding of ?-arrestins to agonist-occupied GPCRs triggers the assembly of a MAP kinase activation complex using ?-arrestin as a scaffold, with sub
PKCcatalyzed－phosphorylation－of－inhibitory－phosphoprotein－of－phosphatase
The phosphorylation of myosin affects its role in smooth muscle contraction, platelet formation and possibly other processes. Phosphorylation by myosi
fMLP－induced－chemokine－gene－expression－in－HMC1－cells
Neutrophils respond to bacterial infection by releasing reactive oxygen species that kill bacteria and by expressing chemokines that attract other imm
GProtein－Signaling－Through－Tubby－Proteins
The tubby gene product is expressed in the brain and has been implicated by mouse genetics in obesity and other disorders such as blindness. Structura
Neuroregulin－receptor－degredation－protein1－Controls－ErbB3－receptor
The neuregulins comprise a subfamily of at least four epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factors that influence a variety of cellular events, i
IL2－Receptor－Beta－Chain－in－T－cell－Activation
The IL-2 receptor is a key component of immune signaling and is required for the activation, proliferation, and survival of T cells. This receptor is
Regulation－of－ck1/cdk5－by－type－1－glutamate－receptors
Cdk5 is a cyclin dependent protein kinase involved in dopaminergic signaling in the neostriatal region of the brain. The role of cdk5 in dopamine resp
Activation－of－Src－by－Proteintyrosine－phosphatase－alpha
Progression through the cell cycle is accompanied by activation of the proto-oncogene c-Src, a protein tyrosine kinase. Overexpression of Src leads to
Activation－of－cAMPdependent－protein－kinase,－PKA
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are one of the largest gene families of signaling proteins. Residing in the plasma membrane with seven transmembra
Phospholipids－as－signalling－intermediaries
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is an example of lipid messengers with both intracellular and extracellular functions. Intracellularly S1P regulates pro
CCR3－signaling－in－Eosinophils
Eosinophils are a key class of leukocytes involved in inflammatory responses, including allergic reactions in skin and airway. The eosinophil response
Sonic－Hedgehog－(Shh)－Pathway
Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) is one of a family of three secreted proteins, including Indian Hedgehog (Ihh) and Desert Hedgehog (Dhh), that play distinct and
Ca++/－Calmodulindependent－Protein－Kinase－Activation
The calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinases (CaMKs) are involved in a large number of cellular responses induced by hormones, neurotransmitters and other
Effects－of－calcineurin－in－Keratinocyte－Differentiation
The differentiation of keratinocytes constantly replenishes the upper layers of human skin we lose each day. One factor that contributes to terminal k
CBL－mediated－ligandinduced－downregulation－of－EGF－receptors
As with many cell-surface receptors, activation of the EGF receptor can result in receptor internalization through receptor-mediated endocytosis, dese
Fc－Epsilon－Receptor－I－Signaling－in－Mast－Cells
The Fc Epsilon Receptor 1 signaling pathway in mast cells uses multiple core signal path to achieve its necessary ends. Through the BTK protein and PK
Signal－transduction－through－IL1R
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that signals primarily through the type 1 IL-1 receptor (IL-1R1). The activities of IL-1 include i
Roles－of－arrestindependent－Recruitment－of－Src－Kinases－in－GPCR－Signaling
The binding of ?-arrestins to agonist-occupied GPCRs coincides with the recruitment of Src family tyrosine kinases, including c-Src, Hck and c-Fgr (Sr
TNF/Stress－Related－Signaling
TNF acts on several different signaling pathways through two cell surface receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2 (See TNFR1 and TNFR2 Signaling Pathways) to regul
Activation－of－Csk－by－cAMPdependent－Protein－Kinase－Inhibits－Signaling
Interaction of T cell receptor with specific antigen in the context of MHC II activates a signal transduction pathway that leads to T cell activation.
Keratinocyte－Differentiation
The epidermis, which provides a protective barrier that undergoes a constant renewal, is a multi-layered tissue with the proliferating cells located i
Nerve－growth－factor－pathway－(NGF)
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is one of a family of neurotrophins that induce the survival and proliferation of neurons. In cell culture NGF induces the f
Trka－Receptor－Signaling－Pathway
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotrophic factor that stimulates neuronal survival and growth through TrkA, a member of the trk family of tyrosine k
Pertussis－toxininsensitive－CCR5－Signaling－in－Macrophage
The chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 in macrophages are activated by their peptide ligands and also by the HIV envelope protein GP120 during HIV inf
Links－between－Pyk2－and－Map－Kinases
This diagram is a compilation of Pyk2 effort cascades. In specific cell types the receptor and effoectors will vary. Binding of a transmembrane recept