GADD34mediatedDephosphorylatoinofeIF2ainStressResponsePathway
NON-Clickable Image Translation initiation is inhibited in cells exposed to different stressful conditions. The phosphorylation of the aContributor:REFERENCES: Feedback Inhibition of the Unfolded Protein Response by GADD34-mediated Dephosphorylation of eIF2a Isabel Novoa, Huiqing Zeng, Heather P. Harding, and David Ron......阅读全文
Chaperones－modulate－interferon－Signaling－Pathway
Signaling by interferon-gamma stimulates anti-viral responses and tumor suppression through the heterodimeric interferon-gamma receptor. Signaling is
Oxidative－reactions－of－the－pentose－phosphate－pathway
One form of chemical energy used to drive biosynthetic reactions forward is the reducing power of the energy carrier NADPH. NADPH is essential to driv
OX40－Signaling－Pathway
Two key features of the immune system are the clonal expansion of B cells and T cells in response to antigens, and the potentiation of future immune r
p53－Signaling－Pathway
p53 is a transcription factor who's activity is regulated by phosphorylation. The function is p53 is to keep the cell from progressing through the
Nerve－growth－factor－pathway－(NGF)
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is one of a family of neurotrophins that induce the survival and proliferation of neurons. In cell culture NGF induces the f
RhoSelective－Guanine－Exchange－FactorAKAP13－Mediates－Stress－Fiber－Formation
The A-kinase anchor protein 13 (AKAP13, also known as AKAP-LBC) is one of a group of structurally diverse proteins, which have the common function of
Role－of－BRCA1,－BRCA2－and－ATR－in－Cancer－Susceptibility
BRCA1 and BRCA2 were identified genetically as breast cancer susceptibility genes when a single copy of the gene is mutated and are involved in the ce
水生所揭示鱼类PKZ和PKR激酶在抗病毒反应中的协同作用
哺乳类eIF2a激酶家族有四个成员：PKR、PERK、HRI和GCN2，分别响应不同的细胞胁迫环境。当病毒感染细胞时，PKR被激活，然后磷酸化底物eIF2a阻断蛋白合成起始，抑制病毒复制。 鱼类eIF2a激酶基因首先获得鉴定的不是PKR，而是由中国科学院水生生物研究所桂建芳研
p38－MAPK－Signaling－Pathway
p38 MAPKs are members of the MAPK family that are activated by a variety of environmental stresses and inflammatory cytokines. Stress signals are deli
Phospholipid－Biosynthesis－in－E.－Coli－Pathway
The biosynthesis of membrane phospholipids occurs through distinct pathways in mammals and bacteria. In the mammalian pathway for the synthesis of pho
D4GDI－Signaling－Pathway
D4-GDI (GDP dissociation inhibitor) is a negative regulator of the ras related Rho Family of GTPases. Since the rho GTPases promote cytoskeletal and m
Role－of－Parkin－in－the－UbiquitinProteasomal－Pathway
The motor defects of Parkinson's disease are related to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in specific brain regions. Examination of these neurons i
SODD/TNFR1－Signaling－Pathway
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily contains several members with homologous cytoplasmic domains known as death domains (DD). The int
CD40L－Signaling－Pathway
The CD40 receptor was first associated with expression in B cells and the role it plays through its ligand CD40L (CD154) in moderating T cell activati
Rac－1－cell－motility－signaling－pathway
Rac-1 is a small G-protein in the Rho family that regulates cell motility in response to extracellular signals. Several changes in cytoskeletal struct
FAS－signaling－pathway－(－CD95－)
Receptors in the TNF receptor family are associated with the induction of apoptosis, as well as inflammatory signaling. The Fas receptor (CD95) mediat
Th1/Th2－Differentiation
Helper T cells are found in two distinct cell types, Th1 and Th2, distinguished by the cytokines they produce and respond to and the immune responses
RNAi原理图解
The Mechanism of RNA Interference (RNAi)Long double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs; typically >200 nt) can be used to silence the expression of target genes in
Role－of－PI3K－subunit－p85－in－regulation－of－Actin－Organization
Migration of cells is involved in essential functions such as development, invasiveness of cancer cells, leukocyte movement toward chemotactic signals
利用调制叶绿素荧光（PAM）做农作物逆境研究文献（二）
20. Else MA, Janowiak F, Atkinson CJ, Jackson MB: Root signals and stomatal closure in relation to photosynthesis, chlorophyll a fluores
Low－Loss－Sapphire－Windows－for－High－Power－Microwave－Transmission（一）
Dr. Stephen C. Bates，Thoughtventions Unlimited LLC40 Nutmeg Lane Glastonbury, CT 06033EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThe Problems.Windows that transmit high powe
Interleukin6－Induced－Acute－Phenotypic－Microenvironment－Promote...（十）
In this study, we found that “acute” response was strongly induced by cryo-thermal therapy with “acute” and high expression of a series of acute p
RasIndependent－pathway－in－NK－cellmediated－cytotoxicity
NK (natural killer) cells are lymphocytes distinct from B and T cells that induce perforin-mediated lysis of tumor cells and virus-infected cells. NK
Free－Radical－Induced－Apoptosis
Oxidative stress is one factor that can trigger programmed cell death. Activated neutrophils responding to inflammatory stimulation produce reactive o
Signaling－Pathway－from－GProtein－Families
G-aS-coupled receptors stimulate adenylyl cyclase (AC), which synthesizes cAMP from ATP. In contrast Gai-coupled receptors inhibit AC and so reduce cA
E2F1－Destruction－Pathway
E2F-1 is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes involved in the cell cycle and that is involved in progression of the cell cycl
Rgt1－in－Yeast－Glucose－Induction－Pathway
Yeast sense glucose in their environment and alter gene expression to match their nutritional needs. In a glucose-rich environment, glycolysis is acti
IL22－Soluble－Receptor－Signaling－Pathway
IL-22 is an inflammatory cytokine related to IL-10 that is produced by T cells and that induces a response in cells through a heterodimeric cell surfa
碳4途径（C4pathway）
亦称四碳二羧酸循环（ C4 -dicarboxylic cycle）。光合碳同化的辅助途径。起源于热带及亚热带的一些植物，在其光合作用的暗反应中，二氧化碳首次被固定的接受体是磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸（ PEP）。在 PEP羧化酶催化下形成 C4 -羧酸——草酰乙酸。在 NADP-苹果酸脱氢酶催化下，还原为苹
Aspirin－Blocks－Signaling－Pathway－Involved－in－Platelet－Activation
Activation of the protease-activated GPCRs in platelets contributes to platelet activation in clotting. The protease-activated receptors PAR1 and PAR4