StressInductionofHSPRegulation
Mammalian cells can respond to a variety of stresses such as heat, cold, oxidative stress, metabolic disturbance, and environmental toxins through necrotic or apoptotic cell death, while increased expression and phosphorylation of heat shock proteins such as Hsp27 can protect cells against cellular stress. Heat shock proteins commonly exhibit molecular chaperone activity and also interact with a wide variety of prote......阅读全文
Apoptosis－Induction
IntroductionWhen studying induction of apoptosis via a cell surface molecule, it is important to first ascertain surface expression of the molecule of
Chemical－Induction－of－Apoptosis
Chemical Induction of Apoptosis - 1 May 2001p53, p21WAF1, Myc, Bcl-2, Bax, Bcl-x and bak are among the proteins involved in the regulation of apoptosi
Hypoxia－and－p53－in－the－Cardiovascular－system
Hypoxic stress, like DNA damage, induces p
TNF/Stress－Related－Signaling
TNF acts on several different signaling pathways through two cell surface receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2 (See TNFR1 and TNFR2 Signaling Pathways) to regul
Oxidative－Stress－Induced－Gene－Expression－Via－Nrf2
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can damage biological macromolecules and are detrimental to cellular health. Electrophilic compounds, xenobiotics and an
Regulation－of－hematopoiesis－by－cytokines
The process of hematopoesis is regulated by various cytokines. The comb
Regulation－of－BAD－phosphorylation
The function of the pro-apoptotic molecule BAD is regulated by phosphorylation of three sites (ser 112,136 and 155). Phosphorylation at these sites re
Regulation－of－Spermatogenesis－by－CREM
The transcriptional regulator CREM plays a key role in spermatogenesis, acting as a central transcription factor triggering a cascade of transcription
Cadmium－induces－DNA－synthesis－and－proliferation－in－macrophages
Exposure to divalent cadmium ions (Cd2+) is a known cancer risk factor, but the molecular mechanisms responsible for the in
p38－MAPK－Signaling－Pathway
p38 MAPKs are members of the MAPK family that are activated by a variety of environmental stresses and inflammatory cytokines. Stress signals are deli
Regulation－of－transcriptional－activity－by－PML
The PML nuclear bodies are ring-shaped nuclear substructures associated with the regulation of transcription, trans
Cyclins－and－Cell－Cycle－Regulation
The cell cycle is regulated by the interplay of many molecules. Key among these are the cyclins whi
CDK－Regulation－of－DNA－Replication
Initiation of DNA replication in eukaryotes is a highly conserved, multi-step process (replication licensing) designed to re
Regulation－of－eIF2
Protein phosphorylation plays an important role in the control of translation by eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (eIF-2). eIF-2 binds GTP and Met-tRNAi
Regulation－And－Function－Of－ChREBP－in－Liver
Liver is the major site for carbohydrate metabolism (glycolysis and glycogen synthesis) and triglyceride synthesis (lipogenesis). While insulin was lo
Regulation－of－PGC1a
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1a) is a tissue-specific coactivator that enhances the activity of many nucl
ChREBP－regulation－by－carbohydrates－and－cAMP
Although insulin and glucagon play important roles in regulating the response of cells to nutrients, cells also respond to carbohydrates through trans
Plastid－Transformation－for－Abiotic－Stress－Tolerance－in－Plants
Abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures are major limiting factors in plant growth and development and pose serious th
Rgt1－in－Yeast－Glucose－Induction－Pathway
Yeast sense glucose in their environment and alter gene expression to match their nutritional needs. In a glucose-rich environment, glycolysis is acti
Adventitious－Root－Induction－in－Arabidopsis－thaliana－as－a－Model－for－In...
Adventitious root formation, the development of roots on non-root tissue (e.g. leaves, hypocotyls and stems) is a critical step during micropropag
Role－of－Ran－in－mitotic－spindle－regulation
One of the central features of mitotic cell division is the formation of the spindle that segregates chromosomes into each daughter cell. Chromosomes
FXR－and－LXR－Regulation－of－Cholesterol－Metabolism
Cholesterol is essential for life and a key in the development of heart disease. Cholesterol homeostasis is achieved through regulation of cholesterol
Sprouty－regulation－of－tyrosine－kinase－signals
Four different members of the Sprouty protein family block the cellular proliferation and differentiation induced by several different growth factors,
Actions－of－Nitric－Oxide－in－the－Heart
Nitric oxide (NO) has a number of important physiological actions in the cardiovascular system. In the heart, NO plays role in keeping the vessels pat
Signal－Dependent－Regulation－of－Myogenesis－by－Corepressor－MITR
The differentiation of muscle cells is regulated by many factors, including the MyoD/MEF2 family of transcription factors. The MyoD/M
Regulation－of－Splicing－through－Sam68
While transcriptional regulation is often viewed as the most prevalent way extracellular signals to regulate gene expression, post-transcriptional reg
Transcription－Regulation－by－Methyltransferase－of－CARM1
Several forms of post-translational modification regulate protein activities. Recently, protein methylation by CARM1 (coactivator-associated arginine
Role－of－nicotinic－acetylcholine－receptors－in－the－regulation－of－apoptosis
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are essential for neuromuscular signaling and are also expressed in non-neuronal tissues, where their function is le
BTG－family－proteins－and－cell－cycle－regulation
BTG2 is found to be one of the immediate early genes up-regulated by neural growth factor (NGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Its transcriptional