RegulationofeIF2
Protein phosphorylation plays an important role in the control of translation by eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (eIF-2). eIF-2 binds GTP and Met-tRNAi and transfers the Met-tRNA to the 40S subunit, to form the 43S preinitiation complex. Later in the cycle, prior to elongation, the bound GTP is hydrolyzed , releasing eIF-2-GDP. For eIF-2 to promote another round of initiation, GDP must be exchanged for GTP, a reaction......阅读全文
Regulation－of－eIF2
Protein phosphorylation plays an important role in the control of translation by eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (eIF-2). eIF-2 binds GTP and Met-tRNAi
Regulation－of－BAD－phosphorylation
The function of the pro-apoptotic molecule BAD is regulated by phosphorylation of three sites (ser 112,136 and 155). Phosphorylation at these sites re
Regulation－of－hematopoiesis－by－cytokines
The process of hematopoesis is regulated by various cytokines. The combination of cytokines stimulates the proliferation and/or differentiation of the
Regulation－of－Spermatogenesis－by－CREM
The transcriptional regulator CREM plays a key role in spermatogenesis, acting as a central transcription factor triggering a cascade of transcription
Cyclins－and－Cell－Cycle－Regulation
The cell cycle is regulated by the interplay of many molecules. Key among these are the cyclins which are expressed and then degraded in a concerted f
Regulation－And－Function－Of－ChREBP－in－Liver
Liver is the major site for carbohydrate metabolism (glycolysis and glycogen synthesis) and triglyceride synthesis (lipogenesis). While insulin was lo
Regulation－of－transcriptional－activity－by－PML
The PML nuclear bodies are ring-shaped nuclear substructures associated with the regulation of transcription, transformation, cell growth, and apoptos
CDK－Regulation－of－DNA－Replication
Initiation of DNA replication in eukaryotes is a highly conserved, multi-step process (replication licensing) designed to restrict initiation events t
Stress－Induction－of－HSP－Regulation
Mammalian cells can respond to a variety of stresses such as heat, cold, oxidative stress, metabolic disturbance, and environmental toxins through nec
ChREBP－regulation－by－carbohydrates－and－cAMP
Although insulin and glucagon play important roles in regulating the response of cells to nutrients, cells also respond to carbohydrates through trans
Regulation－of－PGC1a
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1a) is a tissue-specific coactivator that enhances the activity of many nucl
eIF2的调控信号通路图
mTOR可对细胞外包括生长因子、胰岛素、营养素、氨基酸、葡萄糖等多种刺激产生应答。它主要通过PI3K/Akt/mTOR途径来实现对细胞生长、细胞周期等多种生理功能的调控作用。 正常情况下，结节性脑硬化复合物-1(TSC-1)和TSC-2形成二聚体复合物，是小GTP酶Rheb(R
eIF2的调控信号通路图
mTOR可对细胞外包括生长因子、胰岛素、营养素、氨基酸、葡萄糖等多种刺激产生应答。它主要通过PI3K/Akt/mTOR途径来实现对细胞生长、细胞周期等多种生理功能的调控作用。正常情况下，结节性脑硬化复合物-1(TSC-1)和TSC-2形成二聚体复合物，是小GTP酶Rheb(Ras-homolog
FXR－and－LXR－Regulation－of－Cholesterol－Metabolism
Cholesterol is essential for life and a key in the development of heart disease. Cholesterol homeostasis is achieved through regulation of cholesterol
Role－of－Ran－in－mitotic－spindle－regulation
One of the central features of mitotic cell division is the formation of the spindle that segregates chromosomes into each daughter cell. Chromosomes
Sprouty－regulation－of－tyrosine－kinase－signals
Four different members of the Sprouty protein family block the cellular proliferation and differentiation induced by several different growth factors,
BTG－family－proteins－and－cell－cycle－regulation
BTG2 is found to be one of the immediate early genes up-regulated by neural growth factor (NGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Its transcriptional
Transcription－Regulation－by－Methyltransferase－of－CARM1
Several forms of post-translational modification regulate protein activities. Recently, protein methylation by CARM1 (coactivator-associated arginine
CARM1－and－Regulation－of－the－Estrogen－Receptor
Several forms of post-translational modification regulate protein activities. Recently, protein methylation by CARM1 (coactivator-associated arginine
Signal－Dependent－Regulation－of－Myogenesis－by－Corepressor－MITR
The differentiation of muscle cells is regulated by many factors, including the MyoD/MEF2 family of transcription factors. The MyoD/MEF2 dimer binds t
Ghrelin:－Regulation－of－Food－Intake－and－Energy－Homeostasis
The somatotropic axis. The synthesis and release of growth hormone (GH) from the pituitary are controlled by the hypothalamic hormones GH-releasing ho
Role－of－nicotinic－acetylcholine－receptors－in－the－regulation－of－apoptosis
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are essential for neuromuscular signaling and are also expressed in non-neuronal tissues, where their function is le
Regulation－of－Splicing－through－Sam68
While transcriptional regulation is often viewed as the most prevalent way extracellular signals to regulate gene expression, post-transcriptional reg
Regulation－of－cell－cycle－progression－by－Plk3
The focus of this pathway is to illustrate the role of Polo-like Kinase 3 (Plk3 also known as Prk and Fnk) as part of the regulatory cascade leading t
Multistep－Regulation－of－Transcription－by－Pitx2
Many transcription factors play essential roles in normal development by determining the proliferation and differentiation of cells. The coordinated t
Mechanism－of－Gene－Regulation－by－Peroxisome－Proliferators－via－PPARa(alpha)
The most recognized mechanism by which peroxisome proliferators regulated gene expresssion is through a PPAR/RXR heterodimeric complex binding to a pe
Overview－of－telomerase－RNA－component－gene－hTerc－Transcriptional－Regulation
Telomerase is an enzyme which replicates the terminal sequences of eukaryotic chromosomes, namely the telomeres. Cells which have an unlimited replica
Regulation－of－MAP－Kinase－Pathways－Through－Dual－Specificity－Phosphatases
Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are important players in signal transduction pathways activated by a range of stimuli and mediate a number of
Eukaryotic－protein－translation
The scanning translation initiation model suggests that 40S ribosomal subunit preloaded with factors bind to the 5’ end of the mRNA near the cap. The
Regulation－of－p27－Phosphorylation－during－Cell－Cycle－Progression
p27/Kip1 regulates the cell cycle by inhibiting the checkpoint kinase cdk2/cyclin E and blocking cell cycle progression through the G1-S transition. C