AngiotensinIImediatedactivationofJNKPathwayviaPyk2dependent
Ang II binding to AT1-R triggers the activation of Ca2+ signaling and PKC. The signal is then transmitted to the Pyk2 and further to the small G protein Rac1 but not Cdc42, although the direct activation of Rac1 by Pyk2 is not proved in this study. In turn, Rac1 activates a small G protein-activated kinase whose identity is still controversial, but one of which has been suggested to be PAK1. Finally, the JNK cascade,......阅读全文
Angiotensin－II－mediated－activation－of－JNK－Pathway－via－Pyk2－dependent
Ang II binding to AT1-R triggers the activation of Ca2+ signaling and PKC. The signal is then transmitted to the Pyk2 and further to the small G prote
Pertussis－toxininsensitive－CCR5－Signaling－in－Macrophage
The chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 in macrophages are activated by their peptide ligands and also by the HIV envelope protein GP120 during HIV inf
Links－between－Pyk2－and－Map－Kinases
This diagram is a compilation of Pyk2 effort cascades. In specific cell types the receptor and effoectors will vary. Binding of a transmembrane recept
GADD45A基因编码功能及结构描述
这个基因是一组基因的一员，在紧张的生长停滞状态和用DNA破坏剂治疗后，这些基因的转录水平会增加。该基因编码的蛋白质通过mtk1/mekkk4激酶介导p38/jnk通路的激活，对环境应激作出反应。该基因的DNA损伤诱导转录由p53依赖和非依赖机制介导。另外，还发现了编码该基因不同亚型的剪接转录变体。T
GADD45A基因编码功能及结构描述
这个基因是一组基因的一员，在紧张的生长停滞状态和用DNA破坏剂治疗后，这些基因的转录水平会增加。该基因编码的蛋白质通过mtk1/mekkk4激酶介导p38/jnk通路的激活，对环境应激作出反应。该基因的DNA损伤诱导转录由p53依赖和非依赖机制介导。另外，还发现了编码该基因不同亚型的剪接转录变体。T
GADD45A基因突变与药物因子介绍
这个基因是一组基因的一员，在紧张的生长停滞状态和用DNA破坏剂治疗后，这些基因的转录水平会增加。该基因编码的蛋白质通过mtk1/mekkk4激酶介导p38/jnk通路的激活，对环境应激作出反应。该基因的DNA损伤诱导转录由p53依赖和非依赖机制介导。另外，还发现了编码该基因不同亚型的剪接转录变体。T
Antigen－Dependent－B－Cell－Activation
A key part of the immune system is the production of immunoglobulins (antibodies) by B cells to bind and inactivate specific foreign antigens. The bod
Granzyme－A－mediated－Apoptosis－Pathway
One mechanism used by cytotoxic T cells to kill tumor cells and virus-infected cells is the release of perforin and granzyme proteins. Perforin protei
TNF/Stress－Related－Signaling
TNF acts on several different signaling pathways through two cell surface receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2 (See TNFR1 and TNFR2 Signaling Pathways) to regul
Keratinocyte－Differentiation
The epidermis, which provides a protective barrier that undergoes a constant renewal, is a multi-layered tissue with the proliferating cells located i
Extrinsic－Prothrombin－Activation－Pathway
Blood coagulation or clotting takes place in 3 essential phases. The first phase is the activation of a prothrombin activator complex. The second phas
Intrinsic－Prothrombin－Activation－Pathway
Blood coagulation or clotting takes place in 3 essential phases. The first phase is the activation of a prothrombin activator complex. The second phas
Role－of－MAL－in－RhoMediated－Activation－of－SRF
Serum response factor (SRF) is a transcription factor, which binds to a serum response element (SRE) associated with a variety of genes including (i)i
Activation－of－cAMPdependent－protein－kinase,－PKA
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are one of the largest gene families of signaling proteins. Residing in the plasma membrane with seven transmembra
NFkB－activation－by－Nontypeable－Hemophilus－influenzae
The role of Hemophilus influenzae in ear infections and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease includes the induction of an inflammatory response throu
Role－of－EGF－Receptor－Transactivation－by－GPCRs－in－Cardiac－Hypertrophy
One of responses to increased blood pressure is cardiac hypertrophy through increased size of ventricular myocardial cells leading to increased thickn
Thrombin－signaling－and－proteaseactivated－receptors
Thrombin is an extracellular protease that is involved in the clotting of blood and inflammation through its action on platelets and endothelial cells
The－41BBdependent－immune－response
The activation of T cells requires a co-stimulatory signal with T cell receptor activation, provided in many cases by activation of CD28 in resting T
Ca++/－Calmodulindependent－Protein－Kinase－Activation
The calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinases (CaMKs) are involved in a large number of cellular responses induced by hormones, neurotransmitters and other
BCR－Signaling－Pathway
Significant progress has been made towards delineation of the intrinsic molecular processes that regulate B lymphocyte immune function. Recent observa
Skeletal－muscle－hypertrophy－is－regulated－via－AKT/mTOR－pathway
Skeletal muscle atrophies with disuse while with increased use and increased load skeletal muscle exhibits hypertrophy, with an increase in the size o
Activation－of－Csk－by－cAMPdependent－Protein－Kinase－Inhibits－Signaling
Interaction of T cell receptor with specific antigen in the context of MHC II activates a signal transduction pathway that leads to T cell activation.
Aspirin－Blocks－Signaling－Pathway－Involved－in－Platelet－Activation
Activation of the protease-activated GPCRs in platelets contributes to platelet activation in clotting. The protease-activated receptors PAR1 and PAR4
NO2dependent－IL－12－Pathway－in－NK－cells
Macrophages and NK cells help provide innate immunity against infection by intracellular parasites and communicate with each other to regulate this pr
Corticosteroids－and－cardioprotection
Myocardial infarction damages heart tissue both during the initial ischemia and the subsequent reperfusion of tissues with oxygen. Corticosteroids can
Signaling－of－Hepatocyte－Growth－Factor－Receptor
The hepatocyte growth factor receptor, also called c-Met, is activated by HGF and stimulates proliferation of hepatocytes and other cell types. Mutate
Phospholipase－Cepsilon－pathway
Proposed model for b2-AR- and prostanoid-receptor-mediated PLC and calcium signalling. Receptors coupling to Gs stimulate AC, resulting in elevated cA
MAPKinase－Signaling－Pathway
The ever evolving mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) pathways consist of four major groupings and numerous related proteins which constitut
Control－of－skeletal－myogenesis－by－HDAC－calcium/calmodulindependent－kinase
The differentiation of muscle cells is transcriptionally regulated, in part by the myocyte enhancer factor-2, MEF2. During myogenesis MEF2 binds to My
RasIndependent－pathway－in－NK－cellmediated－cytotoxicity
NK (natural killer) cells are lymphocytes distinct from B and T cells that induce perforin-mediated lysis of tumor cells and virus-infected cells. NK